Here you can find the Measurements & Instrumentation Two Marks Questions list which are asked in exams.
Measurements & Instrumentation Questions
2 mark questions
L-1
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A 0-150V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1 percent full-scale reading. The voltage measured by this instrument is 83V. Calculate the limiting error in percent.
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Difference between a primary and secondary standard
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Significance of measurements
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Compare moving coil with moving iron instruments
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Which meter is useful for measuring only DC quantities?
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Draw the circuit of Wien Bridge and its phasor diagram under balance
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Error
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Distinguish between attraction and repulsion type instrument
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Distinguish between accuracy and precision
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Two conditions to be satisfied to make an ac bridge balanced
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In a wheatstone bridge, a change of 6 ohm in the unknown arm of the bridge is required to produce a change in deflection of 2.4 mm of the galvanometer. Determine the sensitivity and deflection factor
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Basic elements of generalized measurement system
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Precision
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Measurement and classification
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Calibration
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Different types of errors
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An ac bridge has the following constants. AB=1 kohm, parallel with C=159 nF, BC=I kohm, CD=500 ohm, DA=0.636 microF in series with an unknown resistance. Find the value of the resistance in an DA to produce balance
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Draw the circuit of Wien’s bridge and its phasor diagram under balance
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Transfer instrument
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Basic elements of generalized measurement system
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Any four static characteristics of a measuring system
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Accuracy
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Differentiate zero drift and span drift
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Distinguish between active and passive instruments
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Advantages of electronic instruments
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Basic requirements of measurement
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Applications of dynamic characteristics of instruments
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Precision is a necessary but not sufficient condition for accuracy. True or false – justify your answer
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How is the absolute ampere determined
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Standard and different types of standard in measurement
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Static error and classification of static error
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Define the international standard for ohm
L-2
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Parameters measured using CRO
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Use of delay line
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Draw the internal structure of CRT and list its functions
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Significant problems with diodes when used for RF rectification
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Sweep voltage in an oscillator and where it is applied
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Vector meter and applications
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Q-meter and applications
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Deflection sensitivity (of CRT)
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Vector voltmeter and application
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What is the velocity of electrons that have been accelerated through a potential of 2000V?
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Basic principle of delayed time base oscilloscope
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Vector impedance meter and applications
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Two significant problems with diodes when used for RF rectification
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Applications of CRO
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Basic principle behind the working of Q-meter
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Two modes of operation of dual trace oscilloscope
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Main parts of CRT
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How is the electron beam focused to a fine spot on the face of the cathode ray tube
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Fluorescence
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Principle of dual beam oscilloscope
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Principle of sampling oscilloscope
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Deflection system is required for dual beam oscilloscope
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Characteristics of probes used in CRO
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Difference between digital and analog oscilloscopes
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Justify – ‘A CRO can be regarded as a X-Y recorder’.
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Disadvantages of storage cathode ray tube
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Aquadag and its purpose
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Internal structure of CRT and list its functions
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Applications of digital storage oscilloscope
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Need for Q-meter
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List the source of error that affect measurement accuracy of Q-meter
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Applications of Q-meter
L-3
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Wave analyzer
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Use of attenuator in sine wave generator
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Barkhausen criteria for sinusoidal oscillation (sustained oscillation)
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Draw the block diagram of spectrum analyzer
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Need for isolation between the signal generator output and oscillator and how can be this done
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What is the maximum frequency and resolution for an analyzer using a 1.5 s window and a 1500 KHz sample rate?
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Classification of signal generators
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Harmonic distortion
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Requirements of signal generators
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What is the dynamic range of a spectrum analyzer if the noise level of the display is equal to -80 dB and two -10 dB signal produce third order intermodulation products that just appear above the noise?
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In a sweep frequency generator, two oscillators, one with frequency range of 3 GHz to 5 GHz is heterodyned with a second oscillator having a fixed frequency output of 3 GHz. What is the range of output frequency?
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Signal sources and the desirable characteristics of a signal
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THD
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List different instruments used as signal analyzers
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Any four features of sweep frequency generator
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Frequency synthesis using indirect method
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A signal is sampled for 4 seconds at 20 kHz rate using 10 bit conversion. Calculate the dynamic range, spectral frequency and resolution
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How does placing a fixed attenuator ahead of a spectrum analyzer affect the third order intercept and noise figure
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Heterodyne principle
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Distortion factor (total harmonic distortion)
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Harmonic distortion
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Use of distortion meter
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Spectrum analyzer
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Real time spectrum analyzer
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Drawbacks of tuned circuit analyzers
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Applications of wave analyzers
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Difference between network analyzer and spectrum analyzer
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Function of an attenuator in a signal generator
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Rise time and fall time of a pulse
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Draw the simplified block diagram of a sweep frequency generator
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Any three applications of frequency synthesizer
L-4
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Advantages of DVM
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Components required for a computer-operated test system
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Advantages of digital instruments over analog instruments
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Different types of digital voltmeter
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A frequency meter with 1 MHz clock source is used for measuring the time period of input wave. Determine the measured time period when 1560 pulses are registered on the display.
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Ways to extend the frequency range
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A digital frequency counter which has a 3-digit display, gated period of 10 milliseconds, is selected to measure an unknown frequency. The reading is 045. What is the frequency of the system?
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Advantages and disadvantages of PDM recording
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Need for multiple period measurement
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Classification of digital voltmeter
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Different guarding techniques used in digital instruments
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Resolution and sensitivity of DVM
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A digital voltmeter has a read out range from 0 to 9999 counts. Determine the resolution of the instrument in volts when the full scale reading is 9.999 V
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Virtual instruments
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Requirements of computer controlled systems (automatic test systems)
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Draw the block diagram for computer controlled testing for an audio amplifier
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Draw the block diagram for computer controlled testing for a radio receiver
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Difference between analog and digital instruments
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Essential parts of a ramp-type digital voltmeter
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Additional features found on individual digital multimeters
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Principle of ramp type DVM
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How prescalar can be use to extend range of frequency counter
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Why period mode preferred for measurement of a very low frequency in a frequency counter
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Importance of gate time in frequency counter
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How is trigger time error reduced
L-5
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Data loggers
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What is the velocity of light in a glass with an index of refraction of 1.38?
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Draw the block diagram of Digital Data Acquisition System
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Key features of fully automatic digital instruments
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Handshake signals in the IEEE 488 bus system
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Applications of OTDR
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Data acquisition system
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Compare analog and digital data acquisition systems
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Numerical aperture
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Data acquisition system
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How much loss will be experienced if a fiber of numerical aperture of 0.3 is the source for a fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.242?
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Basic operating principle of digital tape recording
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Three-state bus transceiver
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Distinguish between active and passive transducers
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List any 4 causes of power loss in fiber-optic cables
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Need for multiplexing and how is it classified
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Any three instruments used in computer controlled instrumentation
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Specify the analog data acquisition systems element
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Handshake singles in IEEE 488 bus system
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Necessity of digital interface
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IEEE 488 bus system
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Multiplexing